Body Systems and Genetics
5.L.1 Understand how structures and systems of organisms (to include the human body) perform functions necessary for life.
5.L.1.1 Explain why some organisms are capable of surviving as a single cell while others require many cells that are specialized to survive. 5.L.1.2 Compare the major systems of the human body (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, muscular, skeletal, and cardiovascular) in terms of their functions necessary for life. 5.L.3 Understand why organisms differ from or are similar to their parents based on the characteristics of the organism. 5.L.3.1 Explain why organisms differ from or are similar to their parents based on the characteristics of the organism. 5.L.3.2 Give examples of likenesses that are inherited and some that are not. |
VOCABULARY
organism: a creature such as a plant, animal or a single-celled life form, or something that has interdependent parts and is a living creature
single-cell organism (unicellular) living things that are made up of only one cell
multi-cellular organism living things that are made up of many specialized cells that perform various functions to keep the organism alive
circulatory system the transport system that carries blood, gases, salts, water, vitamins and minerals to all of the cells. It also removes wastes (dead cells, gases, etc.) throughout the body.
respiratory system the system that takes in the oxygen you need to survive and releases carbon dioxide that you do not need
digestive system the system that breaks down the food you eat into the energy your body needs to work and grow
muscular system the system of muscles that work with your skeletal system to allow your body to move and function – the muscles are responsible for movement
skeletal system the system of bones in your body that gives your body support – muscles move the bones
nervous system the system that is the control center of your body. It is responsible for everything your body does or feels.
heredity the passing on of characteristics or traits from parents to offspring as a result of the genes being passed from parents or ancestors; responsible for the resemblances between parents and offspring
inherited traits traits or characteristics that are passed down from parents or ancestors to their descendants (children); inherited traits are determined by genes (such as hair color, eye color, nose shape, size of feet, etc.)
acquired traits a characteristic that a living thing gets during its lifetime that it was not born with – something you do or something that happens in the environment that changes you; scar, a burn, plastic surgery, dying your hair, etc.
learned behaviors behaviors or abilities that are learned from the environment, training, or watching of others (playing baseball, dislike of certain foods or smells, walking, talking)
innate behaviors behaviors or abilities that an organism is born with that is necessary for survival (spider builds its web, baby fish know how to swim, etc.)
genes the genetic “blueprints” for physical traits that are in the nucleus of each cell; genes carry information that determines characteristics (genetics- the study of genes)
DNA the material in a cell that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms
---Organisms inherit half of their characteristics from their mothers and half from their fathers.
---Every individual has a unique and broad range of characteristics.
---Inherited traits are determined by DNA.
---Learned behaviors are determined by culture and environment
organism: a creature such as a plant, animal or a single-celled life form, or something that has interdependent parts and is a living creature
single-cell organism (unicellular) living things that are made up of only one cell
multi-cellular organism living things that are made up of many specialized cells that perform various functions to keep the organism alive
circulatory system the transport system that carries blood, gases, salts, water, vitamins and minerals to all of the cells. It also removes wastes (dead cells, gases, etc.) throughout the body.
respiratory system the system that takes in the oxygen you need to survive and releases carbon dioxide that you do not need
digestive system the system that breaks down the food you eat into the energy your body needs to work and grow
muscular system the system of muscles that work with your skeletal system to allow your body to move and function – the muscles are responsible for movement
skeletal system the system of bones in your body that gives your body support – muscles move the bones
nervous system the system that is the control center of your body. It is responsible for everything your body does or feels.
heredity the passing on of characteristics or traits from parents to offspring as a result of the genes being passed from parents or ancestors; responsible for the resemblances between parents and offspring
inherited traits traits or characteristics that are passed down from parents or ancestors to their descendants (children); inherited traits are determined by genes (such as hair color, eye color, nose shape, size of feet, etc.)
acquired traits a characteristic that a living thing gets during its lifetime that it was not born with – something you do or something that happens in the environment that changes you; scar, a burn, plastic surgery, dying your hair, etc.
learned behaviors behaviors or abilities that are learned from the environment, training, or watching of others (playing baseball, dislike of certain foods or smells, walking, talking)
innate behaviors behaviors or abilities that an organism is born with that is necessary for survival (spider builds its web, baby fish know how to swim, etc.)
genes the genetic “blueprints” for physical traits that are in the nucleus of each cell; genes carry information that determines characteristics (genetics- the study of genes)
DNA the material in a cell that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms
---Organisms inherit half of their characteristics from their mothers and half from their fathers.
---Every individual has a unique and broad range of characteristics.
---Inherited traits are determined by DNA.
---Learned behaviors are determined by culture and environment